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Copyright © TNAU, India
Plant Name:
Caralluma tuberculata
Plant Part Used:
stem
Common Name:
Bitter cress
Tamil Name:
Medicinal Usage:
1.The succulent stem of the plant is widely used to treat several ailments including diabetes, rheumatism, leprosy, peptic ulcer, inflammation, jaundice, dysentery, constipation, stomach pain, hepatitis B and C .2.The plant possesses beneficial effects as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive , anti-oxidant and antiproliferative activities.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Flavone glycosides() 2. pregnane glycosides() and 3. lupeol()
Reference:
1.Rauf, A., Jan, M. R., Rehman, W. U., & Muhammad, N. (2013). Phytochemical, phytotoxic and antioxidant profile of Caralluma tuberculata NE Brown. Wudpecker Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(2), 21-25. 2.Abdel-Sattar, E., Harraz, F. M., Al-Ansari, S. M. A., El-Mekkawy, S., Ichino, C., Kiyohara, H., ... & Yamada, H. (2008). Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata and their antiparasitic activity. Phytochemistry, 69(11), 2180-2186.
Plant Name:
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Plant Part Used:
Whole plant
Common Name:
Balloon Vine
Tamil Name:
Modikkottan, mudakattan
Medicinal Usage:
1. The plant possesses activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiarrheal, anxiolytic, rubifacient, antipyretic and management of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions.
Chemical Constituents:
1. apigenin (CID: 5280443) 2. beta-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 3. Acetic acid (CID: 176) 4. RUTIN (CID: 5280805) 5. quebrachitol (CID: 6708691) 6. capric acid (CID: 2969)
Reference:
1.Viji, M., & Murugesan, S. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Journal of Phytology, 2(1).
Plant Name:
Carum copticum
Plant Part Used:
Seeds
Common Name:
Carom, Ajowan
Tamil Name:
Jawand
Medicinal Usage:
1. C. copticum has been used in the past for various therapeutic effects including bloating, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and loss of appetite. 2.It has other health benefits such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and hypolipidemic effects. 3. Therapeutic uses of C. copticum seeds also include carminative, antiseptic, amoebiasis expectorant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiplatelet-aggregatory, and antilithiasis as well as treating common cold and acute pharyngitis .
Chemical Constituents:
1. thymol (CID: 6989) 2. p-cymene (CID: 7463) 3. carvacrol (CID:10364) 4. gamma-terpinene (CID: 7461) 5. alpha-pinene (CID: 6654) 6. limonene (CID: 22311)
Reference:
1.Sahaf, B. Z., Moharramipour, S., & Meshkatalsadat, M. H. (2007). Chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Carum copticum against two stored product beetles. Insect Science, 14(3), 213-218. 2.Goudarzi, G. R., Saharkhiz, M. J., Sattari, M., & Zomorodian, K. (2010). Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Ajowan (Carum copticum Benth. & Hook) essential oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13, 203-208.
Plant Name:
Cassia auriculata
Plant Part Used:
Root, Bark, Leaves, flower
Common Name:
Tamil Name:
Avaram
Medicinal Usage:
1. It is used to treat skin disease, ulcers, diabetes, diarrhea, worm infestation, conjunctivities, and nocturnal emission, liver and urinary tract disorders, rheumatism, constipation, diabetes, eye infection.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Emodin (CID: 3220) 2. Rubiadin (CID: 124062) 3. Fisetinidol (CID: 442397) 4. b-Sitosterol (CID: 222284) 5. Kaempferol (CID: 5280863) 6. rhein (CID: 10168) 7. rutin (CID: 5280805)
Reference:
1.Murugan, T., Wins, J. A., & Murugan, M. (2013). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of leaf extracts of Cassia auriculata. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 75(1), 122.
Plant Name:
Cassia fistula
Plant Part Used:
Bark
Common Name:
Amaltas, Golden shower tree
Tamil Name:
Konrai
Medicinal Usage:
1. The leaves are laxative and used externally as emollient, a poultice is used for chilblains, in insect bites, swelling, rheumatism and facial paralysis. 2. Leaves possess anti periodic and laxative properties, the leaves are used in jaundice, piles, rheumatism ulcers and also externally skin eruptions, ring worms, eczema. 3. The leaves and bark mixed with oil are applied to pustules, insect bites .4.The bark possess tonic and antidysentric properties, it is also used for skin complaints, the powder or decoction of the bark is administered in leprosy, jaundice, syphilis and heart diseases. 5. The root is used in cardiac disorders biliousness, rheumatic condition, haemorrhages, wounds, ulcers and boils and various skin diseases. 6. The stem bark is used against amenorrhoea, chest pain and swellings.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Oxyanthraquinone (CID: 53433123) 2. procyanidin (CID: 107876)
Reference:
1.Bahorun, T., Neergheen, V. S., & Aruoma, O. I. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of Cassia fistula. African journal of Biotechnology, 4(13). 2.Danish, M., Singh, P., Mishra, G., Srivastava, S., Jha, K. K., & Khosa, R. L. (2011). Cassia fistula Linn.(Amulthus)-An important medicinal plant: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. J Nat Prod Plant Resour, 1(1), 101-118.
Plant Name:
Cassia obtusifolia
Plant Part Used:
seeds, leaves, roots
Common Name:
sicklepod, Chinese senna
Tamil Name:
Ucittakarai
Medicinal Usage:
1.It has anti-inflammatory activity. 2.It also acts as a blood-purifier and febrifuge. 3.Seeds boiled with tea are taken for cold. 4.Fruits and seeds are alexiteric, alterative, anthelmintic and astringent to the bowels; cures leprosy, tumours, skin diseases, scabies, cough, asthma, burning sensation and hemicrania; seeds ground with sour butter-milk or lime juice is beneficial against the irritation of itch or skin eruptions.5. Roots are specific for ringworm.
Chemical Constituents:
1.sennosides() 2.D-mannitol() 3.myricyl alcohol() 4.?-sitosterol() 5.triacontan-1-ol() 6.stigmasterol() 7.?-sitosterol-?-D-glucoside() 8.friedelin() 9.palmitic acid() 10.stearic acid() 11.succinic acid() 12.d-tartaric acids() 13.uridine() 14.myo-inositol() 15.d-ononitol() 16.kaempferol() 17.quercetin() 18.juglanin() 19.astragalin() 20.quercitrin() 21.isoquercitrin() 22.chrysophanic acid() 23.rhein() 24.emodin() 25.gluco-obtusifolin() 26.cascaroside() 27.rubrofusarin() 28.chrysophanol() 29.torosachrysone() 30.questin() 31.naphthalenic lactones() 32.isotoralactone() 33.toralactone() 34.cassialactone() 35.chrysophanol() 36.chryso-obtusin() 37.aurantio-obtusin() 38.obtiosin() 39.2-glucosyl obtusifolin() 40.cassiaside() and 41.rubro-fusarin-gentiobioside().
Reference:
1.Guo, H., Chang, Z., Yang, R., Guo, D., & Zheng, J. (1998). Anthraquinones from hairy root cultures of Cassia obtusifolia. Phytochemistry, 49(6), 1623-1625. 2.Guo, H., Chang, Z., Yang, R., Guo, D., & Zheng, J. (1998). Anthraquinones from hairy root cultures of Cassia obtusifolia. Phytochemistry, 49(6), 1623-1625.
Plant Name:
Cassia occidentalis
Plant Part Used:
seeds,leaves,roots
Common Name:
Coffee senna,coffee weed,negro coffee
Tamil Name:
Nattam takarai, Payaverai
Medicinal Usage:
1.Whooping cough, convulsion, throat inflammation, colds, asthma, fever, flu and againsts poisonous snake bites. 2.Seeds and leaves are applied externally in skin diseases
Chemical Constituents:
1.C-flavonosides of apigenin() 2.emodin() 3.physcion() and its Beta-glucopyranoside() 4.chrysolein() 5.linoleic acid() 6.linolenic acid() 7.oleic acid() 8.campesterol() 9.8-carbomethoxy-1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methylxanthone (cassiollin=pinselin)() 10.helminthosporin() 11.islandicin() 12.xanthorin() 13.N-methyl morpholine() 14.tannic acid() 15.toxalbumin() 16.aloe-emodin() 17.bianthraquinone() 18.chrysophanol() 19.dianthronic heterosides() 20.rhein 21.potassium chelidonate() 22.physcion() 23.1,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxycarbony-1-3-methylxanthone() and 24.Beta-sitosterol()
Reference:
1.SAGANUWAN, A. S., & GULUMBE, M. L. (2017). Evaluation of in-vitro antimicrobial activities and phytochemical constituents of Cassia occidentalis. Animal Research International, 3(3). 2.Yadav, J. P., Arya, V., Yadav, S., Panghal, M., Kumar, S., & Dhankhar, S. (2010). Cassia occidentalis L.: A review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Fitoterapia, 81(4), 223-230.
Plant Name:
Cedrus deodara
Plant Part Used:
wood
Common Name:
Deodar Cedar, Himalayan Cedar, Deodar
Tamil Name:
Devadaram
Medicinal Usage:
1.The inner wood is aromatic and used to make incense. 2.Inner wood is distilled into essential oil. 3.It also has antifungal properties and has some potential for control of fungal deterioration of spices during storage. 4.The outer bark and stem are astringent
Chemical Constituents:
1.Cedeodarin() 2.Dihydromyricetin() 3.Cedrinoside() 4.Cedrin() 5.Deodarin() 6.Taxifolin()
Reference:
1.Zeng, W. C., Zhang, Z., Gao, H., Jia, L. R., & He, Q. (2012). Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from pine needle (Cedrus deodara). Journal of food science, 77(7). 2.OHMOTO, T., KANATANI, K., & YAMAGUCHI, K. (1987). Constituent of pollen. XIII. Constituents of Cedrus deodara LOUD.(2). Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 35(1), 229-234.
Plant Name:
Centella asiatica
Plant Part Used:
Whole plant
Common Name:
Asiatic Pennywort, Gotu Kola
Tamil Name:
Chittatalodakam
Medicinal Usage:
1. Plant is useful in treating insomnia, cardiac debility, epilepsy hoarseness, asthma, bronchitis, hiccough; amentia, abdominal disorders, leprosy, strangury, fever to increase memory power. 2. The cold poultice of the fresh herb is used as an external application in rheumatism, elephantiasis and hydrocele; Internally also used in leucorrhoea, kidney troubles, urethritis dropsy. Decoction of young shoots is given in haemorrhoids. 3. In paste form, it is applied on boils, tumours. Plant is also considered as an aphrodisiac and used in venereal diseases. 4. Leaves are useful in treating abdominal disorders. Leaf juice is rubbed on the fore head to treat severe head ache, used in eczema. 5. It is also used as diuretic. 6.Leaf extract is used in the preparation of medicated oil for bone fracture
Chemical Constituents:
1. Asiatic acid (CID: 119034) 2. Madasiatic acids (CID: 69569689) 3. carotene (CID: 6419725) 4. pectin (CID: 441476) 5. asiaticoside (CID: 108062) 6. trans-b-farnesene (CID: 5281517) 7. germacrene D (CID: 5317570) 8. a-terpinene (CID: 7462) 9. thymol methyl ether (CID: 14104) 10. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 11. campesterol (CID: 173183) 12. stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 13. tannins (CID: 76419085) 14. Asiaticoside (CID: 108062)
Reference:
1.Siddiqui, B. S., Aslam, H., Ali, S. T., Khan, S., & Begum, S. (2007). Chemical constituents of Centella asiatica. Journal of Asian natural products research, 9(4), 407-414.
Plant Name:
Cissampelos pareira
Plant Part Used:
roots,leaves
Common Name:
velvet leaf, abuta,ice vine
Tamil Name:
ponmusutai, Vatta tiruppi
Medicinal Usage:
1.The roots are better, astringent, anthminthic, carminative, stomachin, digestive, antiinflammatory, pungent,Diuretic, febrifuge, expectorant, galactagogue, diuretic, febrifuge, expectorant, galactagogue, and bitter tonic. 2.It is used in dyspepsia, indigestion, flatulence, abdominal pains, diarrhea, dysentery, blood disorders, cardiac disorders, edema,Leprosy, sensation, cough, coryza, asthma, bronchitis, cystitis, dysuria and lactation disorders.3. It is also used in non-healing ulcers, skin disorders, scabies, leprosy, migraine, leucorrhoea and gonorrhea. Leaves are used in eye trouble, skin ailments, burns, wounds, fever and cold.
Chemical Constituents:
1.hayatine() 2.hayatinine() 3.Hayatidine() and other bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, some non-nitrogenous
Reference:
1.Amresh, G., Reddy, G. D., Rao, C. V., & Singh, P. N. (2007). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Cissampelos pareira root in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110(3), 526-531. 2.Ram??rez, I., Carabot, A., Mel?ndez, P., Carmona, J., Jimenez, M., Patel, A. V., ... & Costa, M. (2003). Cissampeloflavone, a chalcone-flavone dimer from Cissampelos pareira. Phytochemistry, 64(2), 645-647.