roots,aerial parts

Common meadow-rue and yellow meadow-rue,

1.The plant has anti-plasmodic and antimicrobial activities.

1.Dimeric bisbenzylisoquinolines thalidasine 2.hernandesine(CID: 72343) 3.isoquinolines(CID: 8405) and 4.thalfoetidine(CID: 101624073)

1.Ropivia, J., Derbr?, S., Rouger, C., Pagniez, F., Le Pape, P., & Richomme, P. (2010). Isoquinolines from the roots of Thalictrum flavum L. and their evaluation as antiparasitic compounds. Molecules, 15(9), 6476-6484.

leaves,bark

Indian tulip tree, Aden apple, Portia tree

Puvarasu

1.The leaves and bark of Thespesia populnea are used to produce oil for the treatment of fracture wounds and as an anti-inflammatory poultice applied to ulcers and boils

1.Alkaloids 2.carbohydrates 3. proteins 4.tannins(CID:76419085) 5.phenols( CID: 996) 6. flavonoids 7.gums & mucilage 8. saponins(CID: 101638317) and 9. terpenes(CID: 31408)

1.Vasudevan, M., Gunnam, K. K., & Parle, M. (2007). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Thespesia populnea bark extract. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 109(2), 264-270. 2.Shrivastav, S., Sindhu, R., Kumar, S., & Kumar, P. (2009). Anti-psoriatic and phytochemical evaluation of Thespesia populnea bark extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 1(sup 1). 3.Shah, A. S., & Alagawadi, K. R. (2011). Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of Thespesia populnea Soland ex. Correa seed extracts and its fractions in animal models. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 137(3), 1504-1509.

Leaves, stems, root

Desert Horse Purslane

Sharunnai, Shavalai

1.Leaves are diuretic, vermifuge, mild laxative. Leaves are used as vegetable. 2.Leaf-extract is used in asthma, strangury, amenorrhoea, dropsy, oedema, ascites and also as antidote to alcohol-poisoning, in rheumatism and as vermifuge. 3.Roots are used as cathartic, irritant, and abortifacient also used in asthma, amenorrhoea and obstruction of liver, calculi etc.

1. Ecdysterone (CID: 271605) 2. Trianthenol (CID: 10008310) 3. 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamic acid (CID: 717531) 4. oxalic acid (CID: 971) 5. 5,2-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavone (CID: 44257614) 6. 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-chromone (leptorumol) (CID: 56683359) 7. Quercetin (CID: 5280343) 8. ferulic acid (CID: 445858) 9. vanillic acid (CID: 8468)

1.Shivhare, M. K., Singour, P. K., Chaurasiya, P. K., & Pawar, R. S. (2012). Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.(bishkhapra). Pharmacognosy reviews, 6(12), 132. 2.Kumar, G., Banu, G. S., & Pandian, M. R. (2005). Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Trianthema portulacastrum L. Indian journal of pharmacology, 37(5), 331.

leaves,fruit,roots

pointed gourd

kambupudalai

1.It is used in treatment of jaundice, viral infections, skin diseases flu, viral infections, ENT disorders,etc.2.It is used in treating anemia; bloating, gastritis etc. 3.Leaves and fruits are used for treating alcoholism and jaundice.4. Leaves are used in edema and alopecia.5. It is also used as antipyretic, diuretic, cardiotonic, and laxative

1.cucurbitacins(CID: 5281315) 2.vitamin A( CID: 445354) 3.vitamin C(CID: 54670067) 4.tannins(CID:76419085) and 5.saponin(CID: 101638317)

1.Shivhare, Y., Singour, P. K., Patil, U. K., & Pawar, R. S. (2010). Wound healing potential of methanolic extract of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (fruits) in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 614-619. 2.Bhattacharya, S., & Haldar, P. K. (2010). Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic effect of Trichosanthes dioica root. Pharmacognosy research, 2(6), 355.

Root

Indian Ipecac

Naippalai, Nancaruppan

1. Whole plant is a substitute for ipecac. 2. Leaves are used as diaphoretic, emetic, expectorant; in powder form useful in diarrhoea, dysentery; decoction of leaves as well as root beneficial in asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea and dysentery. 3. Root highly effective as a alterative and anti-rheumatic, expectorant in chronic bronchitis and early stages of whooping cough, stimulant; reduces lochia, relieves pain in gout when applied locally; powder useful in intermittent malarial fever. 4. Also useful in piles, cancerous tumours, leukaemia, etc.

1. dehydrotylophorine (CID: 11583623) 2. skimmianine (CID: 6760) 3. ceryl alcohol (CID: 68171) 4. glucose (CID: 5793) 5. quercetin (CID: 5280343) 6. kaemferol (CID: 5280863) 7. tannin (CID: 250395) 8. a-amyrin (CID: 73170) 9. b-amyrin (CID: 73145) 10. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 11. stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 12. tylophorine (CID: 92114) 13. tylophorinidine (CID: 161749) 14. tylophorinine (CID: 264751) 15. (+)-isotylocrebrine (CID: 12304631) 16. (+)-septicine (CID: 10430805) 17. demethyl-tylophorinine (CID: 261792) 18. gamma-fegarine (CID: 107936) 19. tylophorinicine (CID: 44443369)

1.Meera, R., Devi, P., Muthumani, P., Kameswari, B., & Eswarapriya, B. (2009). Evaluation of Diuretic activity from Tylophora indica leaves extracts. J Pharm Sci Res, 1, 112-116.

Vine bark, root

Hawk's claw, saventaro

1. It is used in the cancer, in HIV infection, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, gastric ulcers, chron's disease, tumors, diabetes, chronic fatigue disease. 2. It is also used as anti bacterial agent.

1. Ajmalicine (CID: 441975) 2. akuammigine (CID: 1268096) 3. campesterol (CID: 173183) 4. catechin (CID: 9064) 5. chlorogenic acid (CID: 1794427) 6. corynantheine (CID: 3000320) 7. corynoxeine (CID: 44568160) 8. daucosterol (CID: 5742590) 9. epicatechin (CID: 72276) 10. harman (CID: 5281404) 11. hirsutine (CID: 3037884) 12. loganic acid (CID: 89640) 13. lyaloside (CID: 11092621) 14. mitraphylline (CID: 94160) 15. oleanolic acid (CID: 10494) 16. palmitoleic acid (CID: 445638) 17. rhynchophylline (CID: 5281408) 18. rutin (CID: 5280805) 19. sitosterols (CID: 3084097) 20. speciophylline (CID: 168985) 21. stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 22. strictosidines (CID: 161336)

1.Gon?alves, C., Dinis, T., & Batista, M. T. (2005). Antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa bark decoction: a mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemistry, 66(1), 89-98. 2.Pilarski, R., Zieli?ski, H., Ciesio?ka, D., & Gulewicz, K. (2006). Antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 104(1-2), 18-23.

the whole plant

Dandotapala, Sadodi

Neyccitti

1.The plant has Antispasmodic, antidotal, tonic, astringent, stomachic, febrifuge, diaphoretic, alterative, anthelmintic and alexipharmic activities. 2.The plant is used to cure diseases caused by roundworms and threadworms, coughs, flatulence, intestinal colic, dysuria, leucoderma, psoriasis and other chronic skin-diseases.

1.Triterpenes 2.24-hydroxytaraxer-14-ene 3.b-amyrin acetate( CID: 6708527 ) 4.b-amyrin benzoate 5.lupeol(CID: 259846) and its acetate, 6.beta-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 7.sigmasterol(CID: 5280794) and 8.a-spinasterol

1.Misra, T. N., Singh, R. S., Upadhyay, J., & Srivastava, R. (1984). Chemical constituents of Vernonia cinerea, Part I. Isolation and spectral studies of triterpenes. Journal of Natural products, 47(2), 368-372. 2.Mazumder, U. K., Gupta, M., Manikandan, L., Bhattacharya, S., Haldar, P. K., & Roy, S. (2003). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea Less. extract in rats. Phytomedicine, 10(2-3), 185-188. 3.Rizvi, S. M. D., Biswas, D., Arif, J. M., & Zeeshan, M. (2011). In-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant potential of leaf and flower extracts of Vernonia cinerea and their phytochemical constituents. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 9(2), 164-169.

leaves,flowers,roots,aerial parts

Madagascar periwinkle, rosy periwinkle , teresita

Nittiya kaly??i

1.The plant is also considered to be depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, purgative and vermifuge. 2.A decoction is taken to treat hypertension, asthma, menstrual irregularities, chronic constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion, dyspepsis, malaria, dengue fever, diabetes, cancer and skin diseases. 3.An infusion of the flowers is used to treat mild diabetes. 4.A decoction of the roots is taken to treat dysmenorrhoea.

1.Rosinidin (CID: 441777) 2.Vincristine(CID: 5978) and 3.vinblastine(CID: 13342)

1.Svoboda, G. H., Neuss, N., & Gorman, M. (1959). Alkaloids of Vinca rosea Linn.(Catharanthus roseus G. Don.) V. Preparation and characterization of alkaloids. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 48(11), 659-666. 2.Svoboda, G. H., Johnson, I. S., Gorman, M., & Neuss, N. (1962). Current status of research on the alkaloids of Vinca rosea Linn.(Catharanthus roseus G. Don). Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 51(8), 707-720. 3.Kamat, V. N., DeSa, J., Vaz, A., Fernandes, F., & Bhatnagar, S. S. (1958). Isolation and characterization of chemical constituents from Vinca rosea Linn (NO Apocynaceae). The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 46(4), 588-597.

the whole plant

Mocan

1.The plant has anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,analgesic and ulcerogenic activities.

1.Lupeol (CID: 259846) 2. beta-sitosterol(CID: 222284) 3.triterpenic betulinic(CID: 64971) 4.ursolic acid(CID: 64945) 5.platanic acid(CID: 64980) 6. 2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxy-ursan-12-en-28-oic() 7. 2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acids()

1.Hern?ndez-P?rez, M., L?pez-Garc?a, R. E., Rabanal, R. M., Darias, V., & Arias, A. (1994). Antimicrobial activity of Visnea mocanera leaf extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 41(1-2), 115-119. 2.Duenas, M., Hernandez, T., Estrella, I., & Rabanal, R. (2003). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of mocan seeds (Visnea mocanera Lf). Food chemistry, 82(3), 373-379. 3.Mateo, C. C., Darias, V., & Rabanal, R. M. (1995). Behavioural effects of Visnea mocanera extract: Psychostimulant and anxiogenic properties. Phytotherapy Research, 9(4), 299-305.

Leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, bark and root.

Sambhalu, Nirgundi

Nocci ,aintilai

1.The plant is specially useful in rheumatism. 2.It promotes growth of hair, used in asthma, bronchitis, inflammations, eye diseases, leucoderma, spleen enlargement and painful teething, dried fruits are used as vermifuge. 3.Seeds are used in cutaneous diseases and leprosy. 4. Flowers are prescribed in cholera, diarrhoea, fever and liver complaints. 5.Leaves are effective in gonorrhoeal epididymitis, orchitis, vermifuge and are applied to rheumatic swellings of the joints and in sprains.6. Root-bark is useful in treatment of rheumatism and irritable bladder.

1.Beta-sitosterol(CID: 222284) 2.linoleic acid (CID: 528045) 3.palmitic acid (CID: 985) 4.stearic acid(CID: 5281) 5.casticin(CID: 5315263) 6.isoorientin(CID: 114776) 7. chrysophenol D(CID: 10208) 8.luteolin(CID: 5280445) 9.p-hydroxybenzoic acid(CID: 9578579) and 10.D-fructose(CID:5984).

1.Gautam, L. M., Shrestha, S. L., Wagle, P., & Tamrakar, B. M. (2008). Chemical constituents from Vitex negundo (Linn.) of nepalese origin. Scientific world, 6(6), 27-32. 2.Vishwanathan, A. S., & Basavaraju, R. (2010). A review on Vitex negundo L.?A medicinally important plant. EJBS, 3(1), 30-42.