Flowers

roselle, jamaica sorrel, Java jute, Pusa hemp, red sorrel, Thai jute

cem-puliccai

1. It has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic and mild laxative, as well as in treating cancer and cardiac and nerve diseases. 2.Although information is limited, the potential for hibiscus use in treating hypertension and cancer, as well as for its lipid-lowering and renal effects, are being investigated.3. Hibiscus is known to have anti-inflammatory and mild anti-bacterial,anti-oxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive properties. 4.Thus hibiscus tea is often used as a supplement to help treat coughs and colds. 5.Because of its cooling effect, it is especially effective in reducing the discomfort of fevers that may accompany such ailments.

1.organic acids 2.anthocyanins() 3.polysaccharides and 4.flavonoids

1.Ali, B. H., Wabel, N. A., & Blunden, G. (2005). Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytotherapy research, 19(5), 369-375. 2.Da-Costa-Rocha, I., Bonnlaender, B., Sievers, H., Pischel, I., & Heinrich, M. (2014). Hibiscus sabdariffa L.?A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food chemistry, 165, 424-443.

Plant, Bark, leaves, seeds

Kalinga,kurchi

Veppalai

1. Plant is used in treating anaemia, colic pain, diarrhoea, haematuria, menorrhagia, obstetric conditions, spermatorrhoea, splenomegaly. 2. Bark and seeds are useful in amoebic dysentery, diabetes, diarrhoea, asthma, bronchopneumonia, hepatopathy, gastropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, internal haemorrhage, haemorrhoids, rheumatism, malaria, vomiting, verminosis, uropathy, skin diseases, bleeding piles colitis, bark paste applied in pruritus, rheumatism ulcers, uterine discharge. 3. Leaves are used in chronic bronchitis, applied to boils and ulcers.

1. conessine (CID: 441082) 2. conimine (CID: 551152) 3. isoconessimine (CID: 11772257) 4. conessidine (CID: 22214027) 5. conessimine (CID: 12303831) 6. holarrhimine (CID: 15559632) 7. holafebrine (CID: 320374) 8. conarrhimine (CID: 12303820) 9. kurchine (CID: 11772257) 10. kurcholessine (CID: 20054951) 11. holantosines A (CID: 101967079) 12. holantosines B (CID: 12310550) 13. triacanthin (CID: 45070) 14. irehline (CID: 76330309) 15. linolenic acid (CID: 5280934) 16. oleic acid (CID: 445639) 17. palmitic acid (CID: 985) 18. stearic acid (CID: 5281)

1.Siddiqui, B. S., Ali, S. T., Rizwani, G. H., Begum, S., Tauseef, S., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic bark extract of Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. Ham), its fractions and the pure compound conessine. Natural product research, 26(11), 987-992. 2.Siddiqui, B. S., Usmani, S. B., Begum, S., & Siddiqui, S. (1993). Steroidal alkaloids and an androstane derivative from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens. Phytochemistry, 33(4), 925-928.

Leaves

Indian Elm, entire-leaved elm tree, jungle cork tree, south Indian elm tree

Aya, Aavimaram

1.The plant used as carminative, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and in the treatment of bronchitis, heart diseases, chronic enteritis, diabetes, rheumatism, etc. 2. The plant have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antifungal, antibiotic, antibacterial, antiulcer, and anticancer properties

1. Geraniol (CID: 637566) 2. Caryophyllene (CID: 5322111)

1.Reddy, B. S., Reddy, R. K. K., Naidu, V. G. M., Madhusudhana, K., Agwane, S. B., Ramakrishna, S., & Diwan, P. V. (2008). Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound-healing potentials of Holoptelea integrifolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115(2), 249-256. 2.Mahmud, S., Shareef, H., Ahmad, M., Gouhar, S., & Rizwani, G. H. (2010). Pharmacognostic studies on fresh mature leaves of Holoptelea Integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Pakistan Journal of botany, 42(6), 3705-3708.

Leaves, flowers

Perforate St Johns Wort

Vettai pakku

1. It is used in the treatment of jaundice, liver diseases, gall bladder stones, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory conditions.?

1. Rutin (CID: 5280805) 2. hypericin (CID: 5281051) 3. pseudohypericin (CID: 5281751) 4. hyperforin (CID: 441298) 5. adhyperforin (CID: 90658004) 6. quercetin (CID: 5280343) 7. hyperoside (CID: 5281643) 8. Kaempferol (CID: 5280863) 9. myricetin (CID: 5281672) 10. amentoflavone (CID: 5281600) 11. kielcorin (CID: 23242592) 12. norathyriol (CID: 5281656)

1.Ma, J., Yang, J., Ji, T., Wang, A., & Su, Y. (2012). Chemical constituents from Hypericum perforatum. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica, 37(16), 2408-2412. 2.Silva, B. A., Ferreres, F., Malva, J. O., & Dias, A. C. (2005). Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum alcoholic extracts. Food chemistry, 90(1-2), 157-167.

leaves,stem,roots,seeds

rocket candytuft,bitter candytuft

1.Rocket candytuft is a bitter-tasting tonic, aiding digestion and relieving wind and bloating.It is traditionally taken to treat gout, rheumatism and arthritis. 2.All parts of the plant are antirheumatic and antiscorbutic.3.The seeds are considered very useful in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and dropsy.4.The plant is gathered in the summer and can be dried for later use. 5.The seeds are harvested when fully ripe. 6.A common homeopathic remedy is made from the seeds

1.Cucurbitacins- Cucurbitacin I() Cucurbitacin B() Cucurbitacin E() 2.glucosinolates()

1.Attoa, G. E., Wahba, H. E., & Farahat, A. A. (2000). Effect of some amino acids and sulphur fertilization on growth and chemical composition of Iberis amara L. Plants. 2.Sachdev-Gupta, K., Radke, C. D., & Renwick, J. A. A. (1993). Antifeedant activity of cucurbitacins from Iberis amara against larvae of Pieris rapae. Phytochemistry, 33(6), 1385-1388.

Root

Black Creeper

Paravalli, udargodi, udarkkoti

1. It has traditional medicinal uses, including treatment for rheumatism, asthma, cholera and fever.?

1. a-amyrin (CID: 73170) 2. lupeol (CID: 259846 ) 3. epi-friedelinol (CID: 101341) 4. friedelin (CID: 91472) 5. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 6. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (CID: 69600) 7. quercetin (CID: 5280343) 8. dotriacontanoic acid (CID: 19255) 9. nonane (CID: 8141) 10. lupeol acetate (CID: 92157) 11. oleanolic acid (CID: 10494) 12. kaemferol (CID: 5280863)

1.Starlin, T., Ragavendran, P., Raj, C. A., Perumal, P. C., & Gopalakrishnan, V. K. (2012). Element and functional group analysis of Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br.(Apocynaceae). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 4, 343-345. 2.Ashutosh, M., Kumar, P. D., Ranjan, M. M., Susil, K., & Ashutosh, M. (2009). Phytochemical screening of Ichnocarpus Frutescens plant parts. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 1(1), 5-7. 3.Pandurangan, A., Khosa, R. L., & Hemalatha, S. (2008). Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 392-399.

flowers, Roots

cogon grass, kunai grass or blady grass

1.The flowers and the roots are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic and tonic. 2.The flowers are used in the treatment of haemorrhages, wounds etc. 3.They are decocted and used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst etc. 4.The root is astringent, antifebrile, antivinous, diuretic, emollient, haemostatic, restorative and tonic. 5. It is used in the treatment of nose bleeds, haematuria, haematemesis, oedema and jaundice. 6.The root has antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus dysenteriae etc. 7. A decoction of the root is used as an anthelmintic and also to treat digestive disorders such as indigestion, diarrhoea and dysentery. 8.The root bark is febrifuge, restorative and tonic. 9.Extracts of the plant have shown viricidal and anticancer activity.

1.Tannins() 2.saponins() 3.flavonoids, 4.terpenoids 5.cardiac glycosides() 6. alkaloids

1.Liu, X., Zhang, B., Chou, G., Yang, L., & Wang, Z. (2012). Chemical constituents from Imperata cylindrica. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica, 37(15), 2296-2300. 2.Mohamed, G. A., Abdel-Lateff, A., Fouad, M. A., Ibrahim, S. R., Elkhayat, E. S., & Okino, T. (2009). Chemical composition and hepato-protective activity of Imperata cylindrica Beauv. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 5(17), 28.

flowers,leaves,roots

Gorbale

1.The roots are used for treating skin diseases. 2.The plant has antileishmanial and antidermatophytic activities.

1.Lupeol() 2.oleic acid() 3.linolic acid() 4.ursolic acid() 5.oleanolic acid() 6.stearic acid() 7. sitosterol() 8.rutin() 9. leucocyanadin glycoside() 10.cyanadin-3- rutinoside() 11.delphinidin monoglycoside() 12. Octadecadienoic acid().

1.Sadeghi-Nejad, B., & Deokule, S. S. (2009). Antidermatophytic activities of Ixora brachiata Roxb. African journal of Biochemistry research, 3(10), 344-348. 2.Kharat, A. R., Nambiar, V. V., Tarkasband, Y. S., & Pujari, R. R. (2013). A review on phytochemical and pharmacological activity of genus Ixora. International journal of research in pharmacy and chemistry, 3(3), 628-635.

leaves,seeds,roots

Physic Nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut

Kattukkota

1.The leaves, seeds and oil of Dravanti is used to treat ulcer, tumour, scabies, wound, haemorrhoid, wound, splenomegaly, skin diseases, rheumatism and paralysis. 2. Paste of dravanti, applied on wounds to clean to promote quick healing. Seeds are severe purgative.

1.5b-stigmastane-3() 2.6-dione() 3.nobiletin() 4.b-sitosterol() 5. taraxerol() 6.2S-tetracosanoic acid glyceride-1,5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin() 7.jatropholone A() 8.jatropholone B() 9.6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin() 10.caniojane() 11.3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde() 12. 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid() and 13.daucosterol().

1.Makkar, H. P. S., Aderibigbe, A. O., & Becker, K. (1998). Comparative evaluation of non-toxic and toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas for chemical composition, digestibility, protein degradability and toxic factors. Food chemistry, 62(2), 207-215. 2.Makkar, H. P. S., Becker, K., Sporer, F., & Wink, M. (1997). Studies on nutritive potential and toxic constituents of different provenances of Jatropha curcas. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(8), 3152-3157.

Fruit

Pencil Cedar

1. It is used in treating liver disease, jaundice, digestive problems, inflammatory diseases, and ulcers?

1. beta-peltatin A (CID: 92122) 2. deoxypodophyllotoxin (CID: 345501) 3. totarol (CID: 92783)

1.Muhammad, I., Mossa, J. S., & El?Feraly, F. S. (1996). Additional antibacterial diterpenes from the bark of Juniperus procera. Phytotherapy Research, 10(7), 604-607. 2.Muhammad, I., Mossa, J. S., Al?Yahya, M. A., Ramadan, A. F., & El?Feraly, F. S. (1995). Further antibacterial diterpenes from the bark and leaves of Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Phytotherapy Research, 9(8), 584-588.