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Copyright © TNAU, India
Plant Name:
Lippia nodiflora
Plant Part Used:
aerial Parts
Common Name:
fruit, sawtoothfogfruit, turkey tangle,bukkan
Tamil Name:
podutalai
Medicinal Usage:
1. The plant is acrid, cooling, astringent to bowels, stomachic, anthelmintic; 2. useful in diseases of the heart, the blood, and the eye; good for ulcers, wounds, burning sensation, asthma. 3. It is used as an anti-atherosclerotic Indian drug.
Chemical Constituents:
1.triterpenoids, 2. flavonoids and 3.steroids
Reference:
1.Elakovich, S. D., & Stevens, K. L. (1985). Volatile constituents of Lippia nodiflora. Journal of Natural Products, 48(3), 504-506. 2.Siddiqui, B. S., Ahmad, F., Sattar, F. A., & Begum, S. (2007). Chemical constituents from the aerial parts ofLippia nodiflora linn. Archives of pharmacal research, 30(12), 1507-1510.
Plant Name:
Lycopodium clavatum
Plant Part Used:
the whole plant
Common Name:
Stag's-horn clubmoss, running clubmoss or ground pine
Tamil Name:
Medicinal Usage:
1.Clubmoss is used in homeopathy for treatments of aneurisms, constipation, chronic lung and bronchial disorders, fevers. It also reduces gastric inflammations, simplifies digestion and helps in treatments of chronic kidney disorders.2. Club moss is used in treatments of kidney stones, urinary tract infections and digestive aliments .
Chemical Constituents:
1.Huperzine A() 2.lycopodine() 3.lycoflexine() 4.Alpha-onocerin() 5.sporopollenine() 6.clavatine() 7.clavatoxine() 8.polyphenolic acids, including dihydrocaffeic() and triterpenes()
Reference:
1.Orhan, I., K?peli, E., ?ener, B., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Appraisal of anti-inflammatory potential of the clubmoss, Lycopodium clavatum L. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 109(1), 146-150. 2.Brooks, J., & Shaw, G. (1978). Sporopollenin: a review of its chemistry, palaeochemistry and geochemistry. Grana, 17(2), 91-97.
Plant Name:
Magnifera indica
Plant Part Used:
the whole plant
Common Name:
Mango
Tamil Name:
Ambiram; Mambazham; Mambalam; Mangai
Medicinal Usage:
1. Various parts of plant are used as a dentrifrice, antiseptic, astringent, diaphoretic, stomachic, vermifuge, tonic, laxative and diuretic and to treat diarrhea, dysentery, anaemia, asthma, bronchitis, cough, hypertension, insomnia, rheumatism, toothache, leucorrhoea, haemorrhage and piles. 2.All parts are used to treat abscesses, broken horn, rabid dog or jackal bite, tumour, snakebite, stings, datura poisoning, heat stroke, miscarriage, anthrax, blisters, wounds in the mouth, tympanitis, colic, diarrhea, glossitis, indigestion, bacillosis, bloody dysentery, liver disorders, excessive urination, tetanus and asthma.3.Ripe mango fruit is considered to be invigorating and freshening. 4. The juice is restorative tonic and used in heat stroke. 5. The seeds are used in asthma and as an astringent. 6. Fumes from the burning leaves are inhaled for relief from hiccups and affections of the throat. 7. The bark is astringent, it is used in diphtheria and rheumatism, and it is believed to possess a tonic action on mucus membrane. 8. The gum is used in dressings for cracked feet and for scabies. 9. It is also considered anti-syphilitic. 10. The kernels are converted into flour after soaking in water and eliminating the astringent principles.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Mangiferin() 2.urushiol() 3.rotocatechic acid() 4.catechin() 5.alanine() 6.glycine() 7. b-aminobutyric acid() 8.kinic acid() 9. shikimic acid() and the tetracyclic triterpenoids
Reference:
1. Magnifera indica(mango)
Plant Name:
Mallotus philippinensis
Plant Part Used:
Stem Wood
Common Name:
Kaamala Tree, Kamala Tree, dyer's rottlera, Monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton
Tamil Name:
Kapli, Kalupatti
Medicinal Usage:
1.According to Ayurveda, leaves are bitter, cooling and appetizer. 2.Fruit is used as a purgative, anthelmintic, vulnerary, detergent, maturant, carminative, alexiteric and useful in treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases, spleen enlargement etc. 3.This plant is traditionally used for antifilarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulatory activities.
Chemical Constituents:
1. lupeol acetate (CID: 92157) 2. lupeol (CID: 259846) 3. acetylaleuritolic acid (CID: 161616) 4. a-amyrin (CID: 73170) 5. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 6. Daucosterol (CID: 5742590) 7. Isocoumarins (CID: 68108) 8. Bergenin (CID: 66065) 9. Rottlerin (CID: 5281847) 10. Tannins (CID: 76419085)
Reference:
1.Arfan, M., Amin, H., KARAMA?, M., KOSI?SKA, A., Shahidi, F., WICZKOWSKI, W., & Amarowicz, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity of extracts of Mallotus philippinensis fruit and bark. Journal of Food Lipids, 14(3), 280-297. 2.Gangwar, M., Goel, R. K., & Nath, G. (2014). Mallotus philippinensis Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae): ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry review. BioMed research international, 2014. 3.Bandopadhyay, M. D. V. K., Dhingra, V. K., Mukerjee, S. K., Pardeshi, N. P., & Seshadri, T. R. (1972). Triterpenoid and other components of Mallotus philippinensis. Phytochemistry, 11(4), 1511.
Plant Name:
Marsdenia condurango
Plant Part Used:
bark
Common Name:
Common Condorvine, Condurango Blanco, Condurango Cortex, Eagle-Vine Bark, Gonolobus condurango, Lechero
Tamil Name:
Medicinal Usage:
1. Condurango has been reported with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.2. It increased various digestive enzymes and juices in the stomach. 3.It is used as an as an analgesic, appetite stimulant, carminative, chologogue, hemostat, and tonic; for anemia, anorexia, bleeding ulcers, cancer, dyspepsia, digestive disorders, gastralgia, gastritis, snakebite.
Chemical Constituents:
1.Novel glycosides 2.steroids 3. hydroxylated pregnane derivatives 4.chlorogenic acid 5.caffeic acid() 6.cyclitol() 7.flavonoids() and 8.coumarin derivatives.
Reference:
1.Mitsuhashi, H., Mizuno, D. I., Hayashi, K., Abe, S., Takase, M., & Narita, T. (1984). U.S. Patent No. 4,452,786. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2.
Plant Name:
Mesua nagassarium
Plant Part Used:
leaves,seeds,flowers,roots
Common Name:
Sri Lankan ironwood, Indian rose chestnut,cobra's saffron
Tamil Name:
Tadinangu,Iravam
Medicinal Usage:
1.The leaves are applied to the head in the form of a poultice for severe colds. 2.Oil from the seeds is used for sores, scabies, wounds, and rheumatism. 3.The root of this herb is often used as an antidote for snake poison. 4.The dried flowers are used for bleeding hemorrhoids and dysentery with mucus. 5.Fresh flowers are also prescribed for excessive thirst,excessive perspiration,cough and for indigestion.
Chemical Constituents:
1.1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (II)() 2. euxanthone 7-methyl ether (IV)() and 3.b-sitosterol()
Reference:
1.Chow, Y. L., & Quon, H. H. (1968). Chemical constituents of the heartwood of Mesua ferrea. Phytochemistry, 7(10), 1871-1874. 2.Govindachari, T. R., Pai, B. R., Subramaniam, P. S., Rao, U. R., & Muthukumaraswamy, N. (1967). Constituents of Mesua ferrea L.?II:: Ferruol A, a new 4-alkylcoumarin. Tetrahedron, 23(10), 4161-4165.
Plant Name:
Michelia champaca
Plant Part Used:
bark,flowers,roots
Common Name:
Champa, Golden Champa
Tamil Name:
Sambagan
Medicinal Usage:
1. Bark is used in fevers, flowers are stimulant, good for eyes and relives burning , and in skin diseases.2.Root bark is purgative, used in amenorrhoea. 3.Flowers tonic, stomachic, carminative, used in dyspepsia, nausea, fever, also useful as a diuretic in renal diseases. 4.Flower oil used in cephalgia. Bark stimulant, diuretic and febrifuge. 5.Dried root and root-bark used as a purgative and emmenagogue.
Chemical Constituents:
1.(-)-Anonaine () 2.(-)-asimilobine , 3.(-)-nuciferine 4.(-)-anolobine() 5.(-)-romerine() 6.(-)-N-acetylanonaine() 7.liriodenine() 8.(+)-syringaresino() 9.N-trans-feruloyltyramine() 10.N-cis-feruloyltyramine() 11.scopoletin() 12. 4-acetonyl-3,5-dimethoxy-p-quinol() 13.vanillin() 14.vanillic acid() 15.syringic acid() 16.beta-sitosterol() 17.stigmasterol() 18.ostunolide() 19.parthenolide() 20.dihydroparthenolide() 21.micheliolide()
Reference:
1.Khan, M. R., Kihara, M., & Omoloso, A. D. (2002). Antimicrobial activity of Michelia champaca. Fitoterapia, 73(7-8), 744-748. 2.Jacobsson, U., Kumar, V., & Saminathan, S. (1995). Sesquiterpene lactones from Michelia champaca. Phytochemistry, 39(4), 839-843.
Plant Name:
Mikania cordata
Plant Part Used:
roots,leaves
Common Name:
Climbing Hempweed, American rope, Bittervine, Chinese creeper, Mikania vine
Tamil Name:
Medicinal Usage:
1. A decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of coughs.2.The leaves are used as a poultice for swellings, itches and wounds.3.They are used as a cure for snake and scorpion bites.4.The leaf juice is used as a remedy for sore eyes. 5.An infusion of plant is used in the treatment of affections of the stomach and intestines, including gastric ulcer. 6.The root is adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective
Chemical Constituents:
1.?-caryophyllene ,2. ?-cadinene , 3.?-cubebene , 4.1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid , 5.caryophyllene oxide , 6.?-himachalene , 7.T-cadinol , 8.tetratetracontane , 9.1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene , 10.?-farnesene
Reference:
1.Al Nayeem, A., Khatun, A., Rahman, M. S., & Rahman, M. (2013). Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Mikania cordata (Asteraceae) leaves. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 3(8), 118-123. 2.Kiang, A. K., Sim, K. Y., & Yoong, S. W. (1968). Constituents of Mikania cordata (burm. f.) BL Robinson (compositae)-II. Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1035-1037.
Plant Name:
Mirabilis jalapa L.
Plant Part Used:
Leaves, roots
Common Name:
Beauty-of-the-night
Tamil Name:
Andhimalli
Medicinal Usage:
1. it is used in treating jaundice, dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia, diuretic, purgative, fever, syphilis, inflammation, burns and scalds, general debility.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 2. ursolic acid (CID: 64945) 3. Trigonelline (CID: 5570)
Reference:
1.Yi?Fen, W., Ji?Jun, C., Yan, Y., Yong?Tang, Z., Shao?Zong, T., & Shi?De, L. (2002). New rotenoids from roots of Mirabilis jalapa. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 85(8), 2342-2348. 2.Zhou, J. Y., Zhou, S. W., Zeng, S. Y., Zhou, J. Y., Jiang, M. J., & He, Y. (2012). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. root on normal and diabetic mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
Plant Name:
Mitragyna parvifolia
Plant Part Used:
Leaves
Common Name:
Kaim
Tamil Name:
nirkkatampu
Medicinal Usage:
1. Mitragyna parvifolia has also got diverse medicinal and therapeutic properties such as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anthelmentic, antioxidant etc. 2. In Ayurvedic medicine the bark of the tree is used for blood-related diseases. 3. In traditional medicine in the Indian subcontinent the bark and roots of the tree are used for fevers, colic, muscular pains, burning sensations in the stomach, poisoning, female problems, coughs, oedema and as Wounds and ulcers may be dressed with bruised leaves to promote healing and to alleviate pain, while extracts of the fruit are used to kill pain and as anti-inflammatory agents.
Chemical Constituents:
1. Tetrahydroalstonine (CID: 72340) 2. Akkuamigine (CID: 1268096) 3. Hirsuteine (CID: 3037151) 4. Mitraphylline (CID: 94160) 5. Isomitraphylline (CID: 11726520) 6. Pteropodine (CID: 10429112) 7. Isopteropodine (CID: 9885603)
Reference:
1.Ankit, S., Dhirender, K., Khokra, S. L., Pawan, K., Chetan, S., & Aneja, K. R. (2009). Evaluation of activities of Mitragyna parvifolia fruit extract. Journal of Natural Products (India), 2, 49-54. 2.Pandey, R., Singh, S. C., & Gupta, M. M. (2006). Heteroyohimbinoid type oxindole alkaloids from Mitragyna parvifolia. Phytochemistry, 67(19), 2164-2169.