Root, leaves, seeds

Pepper(Black pepper)

Milagu

1. It is used as a aromatic, stimulant, stomachic and carminative. 2. It increases the secretion of gastric juices. 3. It also increases the bio-availability of certain drugs. 4. It causes decrease in the arthritic symptoms in carrageenan-induced acute paw arthritis

1. piperine (CID: 638024) 2. piperidine (CID: 8082)

1.Ahmad, N., Fazal, H., Abbasi, B. H., Farooq, S., Ali, M., & Khan, M. A. (2012). Biological role of Piper nigrum L.(Black pepper): A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), S1945-S1953. 2.Siddiqui, B. S., Gulzar, T., Mahmood, A., Begum, S., Khan, B., Rasheed, M., ... & Tariq, R. M. (2005). Phytochemical studies on the seed extract of Piper nigrum Linn. Natural product research, 19(7), 703-712.

leaves,stems,roots

Potomo

1.Piper ovatum has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammations and as an analgesic.

1.Piperlonguminine(CID: 5320621) and 2.piperovatine(CID: 5374352)

1.Silva, D. R., Endo, E. H., Nakamura, C. V., Svidzinski, T. I. E., De Souza, A., Young, M. C. M., ... & Cortez, D. A. G. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Piper ovatum Vahl. Molecules, 14(3), 1171-1182. 2.Silva, D. R., Baroni, S., Svidzinski, A. E., Bersani-Amado, C. A., & Cortez, D. A. G. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract, fractions and amides from the leaves of Piper ovatum Vahl (Piperaceae). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 116(3), 569-573. 3.Dunstan, W. R., & Garnett, H. (1895). XII.?The constituents of Piper ovatum. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, 67, 94-100.

Leaves, root

wild pepper

kattu vetrilai

1. The plant serves to aid digestion and treat fever. 2. Functioning as an expectorant, the fruits help in bringing up mucus and other material from the respiratory tract. 3. The roots have multiple uses, ranging from treating toothache, coughing, and asthma to treating pleurisy and fungal dermatitis on the feet. 4. This plant was used as expectorant, carminative, refreshing throat, flatulent and asthma relieved, enhancing appetite muscle pain relieving property, anti-amoebiasis treatment of diabetes mellitus and flu relieved. 5. It is also used for treating Rheumatoid arthritis.

1. pellitorine (CID: 5318516) 2. guineensine (CID: 6442405) 3. brachystamide B (CID: 10047263) 4. sarmentine (CID: 6440616) 5. brachyamide B (CID: 14162526) 6. sarmentosine (CID: 6438710) 7. (+)-asarinin (CID: 5204) 8. sesamin (CID: 72307) 9. methyl piperate (CID: 9921021)

1.Rukachaisirikul, T., Siriwattanakit, P., Sukcharoenphol, K., Wongvein, C., Ruttanaweang, P., Wongwattanavuch, P., & Suksamrarn, A. (2004). Chemical constituents and bioactivity of Piper sarmentosum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(2-3), 173-176. 2.Tuntiwachwuttikul, P., Phansa, P., Pootaeng-on, Y., & Taylor, W. C. (2006). Chemical constituents of the roots of Piper sarmentosum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 54(2), 149-151. 3.Zakaria, Z. A., Patahuddin, H., Mohamad, A. S., Israf, D. A., & Sulaiman, M. R. (2010). In vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Piper sarmentosum. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 128(1), 42-48.

Leaves, seed

Common plantain

Ishappukol vitai

1.The leaves and the seed are used as an antibacterial, antidote, astringent, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antitussive, cardiac, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic, laxative, ophthalmic, poultice, refrigerant, and vermifuge.

1. Ascorbic-acid (CID: 54670067) 2. Apigenin (CID: 5280443) 3. Baicalein (CID: 5281605) 4. Benzoic-acid (CID: 243) 5. Chlorogenic-acid (CID: 1794427) 6. Citric-acid (CID: 311) 7. Ferulic-acid (CID: 445858) 8. Oleanolic-acid (CID: 10494) 9. Salicylic-acid (CID: 338) 10. Ursolic-acid (CID: 64945)

1.Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. 2.N??ez Guill?n, M. E., da Silva Emim, J. A., Souccar, C., & Lapa, A. J. (1997). Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extract of Plantago major L. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2), 99-104.

leaves,roots

Indian Sage, Indian camphorweed, Indian fleabane, and Indian pluchea

1.The leaves are considered to be antitussive, diaphoretic, febrifuge, galactagogue and stomachic. 2.A decoction of the roots or leaves is recommended for treating fever, headache, rheumatism, sprains, dysentery and dyspepsia

1 b-sitosterol(CID:222284) 2.stigmasterol() 3.terpenoids() 4.flavonoids() 5. essential oil() 6.camphor() 7.'ALFA'-pinene() 8. benzyl alcohol() 9. benzyl acetate() 10. eugenol() 11. linalool() and 12.'DELTA'-cadinol() 13. pterocaptriol() 14. plucheoside C, D1, D2 and D3 and E, 15.plucheol A and B() and 16.boehmeryl acetate().

1.Uchiyama, T., Miyase, T., Ueno, A., & Usmanghani, K. (1989). Terpenic glycosides from Pluchea indica. Phytochemistry, 28(12), 3369-3372. 2.Uchiyama, T., Miyase, T., Ueno, A., & Usmanghani, K. (1989). Terpenic glycosides from Pluchea indica. Phytochemistry, 28(12), 33

stem

biskatali

1.It is reported to have Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and diuretic activity

1. sterols () 2.warburganal and related drimanetype(CID: 72502) 3. sesquiterpenoids() 4.flavonoid glycosides () 5.coumaryl glycoside hydropiperoside() 6.quercetin glycoside() 7.lignans quinines() and 8. 6-methoxyplumbagin()

1.Chowdhury, S. A., Sohrab, M. H., Haque, M. R., Hasan, C. M., & Rashid, M. A. (2008). Phytochemical and biological investigations of Polygonum lanatum. Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine, 8(1), 97-102. 2.Narasimhulu, G., Reddy, K. K., & Mohamed, J. (2014). The genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae): An ethnopharmacological and phytochemical perspectives: review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(2), 21-45.

aerial Parts

ratooti sag,bara bishkatali

1.Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity

1. triterpenoids (CID: 451674) 2.anthraquinones( CID:6780) 3. coumarins(CID: 54678486) 4. phenylpropanoids() 5.lignans(CID: 261166) 6.sesquiterpenoids () 7. stilbenoids() and 8.tannins(CID:76419085)

1.Mazid, M. A., Datta, B. K., Bachar, S. C., Bashar, S. K., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2010). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonum stagninum. Pharmaceutical biology, 48(7), 770-774. 2.Datta, B. K., Datta, S. K., Rashid, M. A., & Sarker, S. D. (2002). Flavonoids from Polygonum stagninum (Polygonaceae). Biochemical systematics and ecology, 30(7), 693-696.

aerial parts

Bishkatali

1. It has antibacterial property, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities.

1.viscosumic acid( CID: 10444703) 2. viscozulenic acid(CID: 10891721) 3.viscoazucine(CID: 11087617) and 4.vis-coazulone flavonoid glycoside() .

1.Datta, B. K., Datta, S. K., Chowdhury, M. M., Khan, T. H., Kundu, J. K., Rashid, M. A., ... & Sarker, S. D. (2004). Analgesic, antiinflammatory and CNS depressant activities of sesquiterpenes and a flavonoid glycoside from Polygonum viscosum. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 59(3), 222-225. 2.Datta, B. K., Datta, S. K., Rashid, M. A., Nash, R. J., & Sarker, S. D. (2000). A sesquiterpene acid and flavonoids from Polygonum viscosum. Phytochemistry, 54(2), 201-205.

seeds

Pongam Tree, Indian Beech Tree, Pongame Oil Tree

Pungai

1. A thick brownish oil can be extracted from the large seeds, and is used industrially and in medicine, notably for the treatment of rheumatism.

1.Beta-sitosteryl acetate(CID: 5354503) 2. galactoside() 3. stigma sterol(CID: 5280794) 4.sucrose(CID:5988) 5.Hiragoni acid() 6.octadecatrienoic acids(CID: 186112) 7.Karangin() 8.pongamol() 9.pongagalabrone () 10.pongapin() 11.pinnatin( CID:5320607) 12.kanjone () 13. Pongone() 14. Galbone() 15. Pongalabol() 16. pongagallone A(CID: 14483495) and B(CID: 14483496)

1.Chopade, V., Tankar, A., Pande, V., Tekade, A., Gowekar, N., Bhandari, S., & Khandake, S. (2008). Pongamia pinnata: Phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: A review. International journal of green pharmacy, 2(2), 72. 2.Sangwan, S., Rao, D. V., & Sharma, R. A. (2010). A review on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a great versatile leguminous plant. Nature and Science, 8(11), 130-139.

Stems, Leaves, Flowers

Purslane

Paruppu keerai

1 It is used in the treatment of diseases like liver disorders, gastrointestinal problems and inflammatory disorders?.

1. Omega-3 fatty acids (CID: 56842239) 2. alpha-linolenic acid (CID: 5280934) 3. vitamin A (CID: 445354) 4. vitamin b (CID: 493570) 5. vitamin c (CID: 54670067)

1.Mohamed, A. I., & Hussein, A. S. (1994). Chemical composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 45(1), 1-9. 2.Yang, Z. J., Zheng, Y. N., & Xiang, L. (2007). Study on chemical constituents of Portulaca oleracea. Zhong yao cai= Zhongyaocai= Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 30(10), 1248-1250. 3.Xiang, L., Xing, D., Wang, W., Wang, R., Ding, Y., & Du, L. (2005). Alkaloids from Portulaca oleracea L. Phytochemistry, 66(21), 2595-2601. 4.Zhou, Y. X., Xin, H. L., Rahman, K., Wang, S. J., Peng, C., & Zhang, H. (2015). Portulaca oleracea L.: a review of phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. BioMed research international, 2015.