Oleo-Gum-Rein Bark

Indian Olibanum tree

kumancam

1.It is used for dysentery, dyspepsia, lung diseases, haemorrhoids, rheumatism, urinary disorders and corneal ulcer in Unani system of medicine. 2. Antirheumatic (antiarthritis) activity of gugguls-the gum-resins of trees has also been observed. 3. It is also used for treating diarrhoea, dysentery, ringworm, boils, fevers (antipyretic), skin and blood diseases, cardiovascular diseases, mouth sores, bad throat, bronchitis, asthma, cough, vaginal discharges, hair-loss, jaundice, hemorrhoids, syphilitic diseases, irregular menses and stimulation of liver. 4. It is used as an antiarthritic, antiinflammatory, antihyperlipidemic (controls blood lipids), antiatherosclerotic (anticoronary plaque), analgesic (pain-reliever) and hepatoprotective (protects the liver).

1. Alpha-pinenes (CID: 6654) 2. Beta-pinenes (CID: 14896) 3. Dipentene (CID: 22311) 4. Phellendrene (CID: 7460) 5. Cadinene (CID: 521380) 6. Camphene (CID: 6616) 7. p-cymene (CID: 7463) 8. Verbenone (CID: 29025) 9. Verbenol (CID: 61126)

11.Ammon, H. P. T., Safayhi, H., Mack, T., & Sabieraj, J. (1993). Mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 38(2-3), 105-112. 2.Singh, G. B., & Atal, C. K. (1986). Pharmacology of an extract of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Agents and Actions, 18(3-4), 407-412.

root, leaves

Madeira-vine , mignonette vine

1.The plant has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and liver-protective effects

1. Bougracol A(1), 4,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-6-formyl-flavane(2), 7-O-methylunonal(3), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one(4), desmosflavone(5) and demethoxymatteucinol(6)

1.Garmana, A. N., Sukandar, E. Y., & Fidrianny, I. (2016). Preliminary study of blood pressure lowering effect of Anredera cordifolia (Ten) steenis on Wistar rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Res, 8(2), 300-304.

Bark, Leaves

Alcornoque

1. The stem bark is used against diarrhoea, as astringent and tonic . 2. The seeds are used in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, and skin diseases. 3. Its bark is traditionally used for healing of wounds, as anti-ulcer and anti-diabetics.

1. Geraniol (CID: 637566) 2. Caryophyllene (CID: 5322111)

1. Arriaga, A. M. C., G. A. Gomes, and R. Braz-Filho. "Constituents of Bowdichia virgilioides." Fitoterapia 71.2 (2000): 211-212. 2. Thomazzi, S. M., et al. "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira)." Journal of ethnopharmacology 127.2 (2010): 451-456.

seeds, swollen, fleshy stems and leaf bases

black mustard,Brown mustard seed, Indian mustard

kadugu

1. Black mustard oil is used for the common cold, painful joints and muscles (rheumatism), and arthritis.2. Black mustard seed is used for causing vomiting, relieving water retention (edema) by increasing urine production, and increasing appetite.3. Some people make a paste by mixing ground black mustard seed with warm water. 4. They pack the paste in cloth and apply the cloth directly to the skin as a ?mustard plaster.? 5.This preparation is used for treating pneumonia, pain and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of the lungs (pleurisy), arthritis, lower back pain (lumbago), and aching feet.

1.allyl isothiocyanate,2.crotonyl isothiocyanate,3.glycerides of erucic acid,

1.Danlami, U., Orishadipe Abayomi, T., & Lawal, D. R. (2016). Phytochemical, Nutritional and Antimicrobial Evaluations of the Aqueous Extract of Brassica Nigra (Brassicaceae) Seeds. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(4), 161-163.

The whole plant

Shivlingi

Iyveli,Iyvirali

1.Whole plant is galactagogue and laxative. 2.Plant is also used in venereal diseases. 3.It belong to Bitter gourd family and the leaves of plant are given in case of diabetes to control blood sugar. 4.The leaves also exhibit styptic, antiseptic and astringent properties. 5.The Powdered seeds and roots, are given to help conception in women. 6.It is a bitter plant and possesses tonic properties and used as a cathartic. 7.The leaves are applied topically on inflammations. 8.Plant is also valued as remedy for diarrhea, dysentery, convulsion etc. 9.The paste of leaves is applied to wounds and abscesses.

1.Punicic Acid,2.Goniothalamin, 3.The fiber Glucomannan

1/Bashyam, R., Thekkumalai, M., & Sivanandham, V. (2015). Evaluation of Phytoconstituents of Bryonopsis laciniosa fruit by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and FTIR analysis. Pharmacognosy Journal, 7(3).

the whole plant

air plant, cathedral bells, life plant, miracle leaf, and Goethe plant

Malaikalli

1.The leaves are used against intestinal disorder. 2.The extract of this is anti-inflammatory and reduces inflammation. 3.It is also used for the treatment of blood mixed diarrhoea.4.The paste is used against leucorrhoea. 5. Bryophyllum pinnatum is given for the treatment of a cough, asthma, cold with candy sugar.6. It is used against dysentery. 7.The plant root is used to treat high blood pressure. 8.It is also used to prevent any kind of cardiac problem. 9.Bryophyllum pinnatum is used for the treatment of fever. 10.Rhizome powdered is used for the treatment of constipation.11. Bryophyllum pinnatum paste is used for the treatment of boil, wound, soar or cuts. 12.The extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum is used for the treatment of roundworms (clotrimazol). 13.The extract of the plant is used for the treatment of antipyretic activity.

1. bryophillin A ,2.bersaldegenin-3-acetate and 3.bryophillin C

1.Nwali, B. U., Okaka, A. N. C., Ibiam, U. A., & Aja, P. M. (2012). Phytochemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 2(4), 614-616.

bark,leaves

Gumbo-Limbo, Chakah

1.The resin obtained from the bark is diaphoretic, diuretic, purgative and vulnerary. 2.It is used in the treatment of dropsy, dysentery and yellow fever. 3.It is an effective vulnerary.

1.Esquiterpenes (70.1%), the major ones being trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene (9.7%) followed by ?-caryophyllene (9.0%), ?-humulene (6.2%), ?-elemene (5.6%) ?-cadinol (4.7%), ?-selin-11-en-4-ol (4.2%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%) and ?-selinene (3.1%). The major monoterpenes were ?-pinene (10.2%), myrcene (5.2%) and ?-pinene (3.4%). The major monoterpene components of the bark were ?-pinene (32.1%), ?-pinene (13.5%) and isolimonene (5.6%) while the major sesquiterpenes were viridiflorol (7.1%), ?-caryophyllene (4.9%), ?-selinene (4.3%), ?-humulene (3.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.1%). The fruit oil was characterized by a high portion of monoterpenes, the major ones being ?-pinene (27.8%), ?-pinene (24.1%), terpinen-4-ol (13.3%), sabinene (8.1%), iso-sylvestrene (4.9%), limonene (4.4%) and ?-terpinolene (3.5%)

1.de Rodr?guez, D. J., Angulo-S?nchez, J. L., & Hern?ndez-Castillo, F. D. (2006). An overview of the antimicrobial properties of Mexican medicinal plants. Advances in Phytomedicine, 3, 325-377. 2.Maldini, M., Montoro, P., Piacente, S., & Pizza, C. (2009). Phenolic compounds from Bursera simaruba Sarg. bark: phytochemical investigation and quantitative analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry, 70(5), 641-649.

Leaves, Latex

Rubber Bush, Milkweed

Erukku

1. It is used in the treatment of various diseases namely leprosy, ulcers, piles and diseases of the spleen, liver and abdomen. 2. The latex is used as an abortifacient, spasmogenic and carminative properties, antidysentric, antisyphilitic, antirheumatic, antifungal, mullusccide, diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy, bronchial asthma and skin affiction. 3. The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia. 4. It is curative agent for jaundice.

1. 1- pentadecene (CID: 25913) 2. 1-heptadecene (CID: 23217) 3. Z-13-docosenamide (CID: 5365371) 4. 2,7,10-trimethyldodecane (CID: 93447)

1.Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Jabbar, A., Muhammad, G., & Khan, M. N. (2005). Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. flowers in sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(2), 256-261. 2.Mossa, J. S., Tariq, M., Mohsin, A., Ageel, A. M., Al-Yahya, M. A., Al-Said, M. S., & Rafatullah, S. (1991). Pharmacological studies on aerial parts of Calotropis procera. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 19(03n04), 223-231.

Leaves

Tea Plant

Tea

1. Tea flavonoids reduce inflammation, have antimicrobial effects and prevent tooth decay 2. It is used as a medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma. 3. There are many therapeutic values in green tea, including, aiding digestion, blood purification, ensuring regularity, lowering body temperature, strengthening teeth and bones, boost immune system, enhance heart function, suppress aging, deter food poisoning, fights virus, and lowers blood sugar levels.

1. epigallocatechin gallate (CID: 65064) 2. epicatechin 3-gallate (CID: 65056) 3. Epigallocatechin (CID: 72277) 4. Catechin (CID: 1203) 5. Caffeine (CID: 2519)

1.Hamilton-Miller, J. M. (1995). Antimicrobial properties of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 39(11), 2375.

Fruit

Chilli pepper

Milakai

1. The plant is used as a Colic. 2. It isused to treat headaches, arthritis, rheumatism, neuralgia, menstrual cramps, indigestion, psoriasis, colds, fever, muscle pain, stomachic, carminative, stimulant, anti spasmodic, analgesic, alternative, astringent, hemostatic and antiseptic.

1. Capsaicin (CID: 1548943) 2. Nordihydrocapsaicin (CID: 168836) 3. homodihydrocapsaicin (CID: 3084336) 4. homocapsaicin (CID: 6442566) 5. Capsanthin (CID: 5281228) 6. capsorubrin (CID: 5281229) 7. Carotene (CID: 6419725) 8. Luteine (CID: 6433159) 9. Zeaxanthin (CID: 5280899)

1.Mar?n, A., Ferreres, F., Tom?s-Barber?n, F. A., & Gil, M. I. (2004). Characterization and quantitation of antioxidant constituents of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(12), 3861-3869. 2.Howard, L. R., Talcott, S. T., Brenes, C. H., & Villalon, B. (2000). Changes in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum species) as influenced by maturity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(5), 1713-1720.