Plant Name:
Paedeira foetda

Plant Part Used:
aerial parts,leaves

Common Name:
Skunk Vine, stinkvine, or?Chinese fever vine

Tamil Name:

Medicinal Usage:
1.Decoctions of the plant showed significant anti-inflammatory action against arthritis.2.The decoction also exhibited marked activity against degenerative osteo-arthritis. 3.The leaves are anodyne, antirheumatic, antivinous, astringent, carminative, depurative, diuretic, restorative and vermifuge.4.They are commonly used for the treatment of intestinal complaints such as abdominal pain, colic, cramps, flatulence and dysentery; and are also used for treating rheumatism and gout.

Chemical Constituents:
1.Essential oil() 2.alkaloids like a-paederine() , b-paederine() 3.asperuloside( CID: 233330) 4.scandoside(CID:21602023) and 5.paederoside(CID: 442432)

Reference:
1.Hossain, M. M., Ali, M. S., Saha, A., & Alimuzzaman, M. (2006). Antinociceptive activity of whole plant extracts of Paederia foetida. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(1), 67-69. 2.Wong, K. C., & Tan, G. L. (1994). Steam volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Paederia foetida L. Flavour and fragrance journal, 9(1), 25-28. 3.Upadhyaya, S. (2013). Screening of phytochemicals, nutritional status, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Paederia foetida Linn. from different localities of Assam, India. Journal of Pharmacy research, 7(1), 139-141.
Plant Name:
Palisota hirsuta

Plant Part Used:
the whole plant

Common Name:
Ghana

Tamil Name:

Medicinal Usage:
1.The roots are used to treat dysentery, anemia and rheumatism. 2.Whole plant is used as an analgesic and antiseptic, a leaf decoction for colic, juice of roasted leaves for ear-ache, roots to hasten expulsion of placenta after childbirth, roots as enema for stomach pains and indigestion, and the powdered roots for gonorrhea.

Chemical Constituents:
1.saponins() 2. tannins(CID:76418095) 3. alkaloids() 4.triterpenes() 5. flavonoids() 6. glycosides() and 7.reducing sugars()

Reference:
1.Boakye-Gyasi, E., Woode, E., Ainooson, G. K., Obiri, D. D., Ansah, C., Duwejua, M., & Donkoh, A. (2008). Anti-Inflammatory and antipyretic effects of an ethanolic extract of Palisota hirsuta K. Schum roots. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(9), 191-199. 2.Woode, E., Boakye-Gyasi, E., Danquah, C. A., Ansah, C., & Duwiejua, M. (2009). Anti-arthritic effects of Palisota hirsuta K. Schum. Leaf extract in Freund?s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Int J Pharmacol, 5, 181-90.
Plant Name:
Passiflora foetida

Plant Part Used:
Leaves

Common Name:
Wild maracuja

Tamil Name:
Ciru punai-k-kali

Medicinal Usage:
1.The plant has been used for its properties like antiproliferative, sedative, anti-anxiety, antibacterial, leishmanicidal, antispasmodic, emetic, dressing for wounds and antiulcer. 2.The P. foetida is used as or poultices for erysipelas and skin diseases with inflammation.?

Chemical Constituents:
1. passifloricins(CID: 10928338) 2. alpha-Pyrones(CID: 68154)

Reference:
1.Echeverri, F., Arango, V., Qui?ones, W., Torres, F., Escobar, G., Rosero, Y., & Archbold, R. (2001). Passifloricins, polyketides ?-pyrones from Passiflora foetida resin. Phytochemistry, 56(8), 881-885. 2.Dhawan, K., Dhawan, S., & Sharma, A. (2004). Passiflora: a review update. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 94(1), 1-23. 3.Echeverri, F., Arango, V., Qui?ones, W., Torres, F., Escobar, G., Rosero, Y., & Archbold, R. (2001). Passifloricins, polyketides ?-pyrones from Passiflora foetida resin. Phytochemistry, 56(8), 881-885.
Plant Name:
Peganum harmala

Plant Part Used:
Whole Plant, leaf

Common Name:
Harmal, Syrina Rue

Tamil Name:
Simaiyalavinai

Medicinal Usage:
1. it is used in the treatment of jaundice, digestive disorders, liver disease, and arthritis?.

Chemical Constituents:
1. Harmaline (CID: 5280951) 2. harmine (CID: 5280953) 3. harmalol (CID: 5353656) 4. tetrahydroharmine (CID: 442118)

Reference:
1.Asgarpanah, J., & Ramezanloo, F. (2012). Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(22), 1573-1580. 2.Khlifi, D., Sghaier, R. M., Amouri, S., Laouini, D., Hamdi, M., & Bouajila, J. (2013). Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalpensis L. and Peganum harmala L. Food and chemical toxicology, 55, 202-208. 3.Moloudizargari, M., Mikaili, P., Aghajanshakeri, S., Asghari, M. H., & Shayegh, J. (2013). Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacognosy reviews, 7(14), 199.
Plant Name:
Pergularia daemia

Plant Part Used:
Leaves

Common Name:
Pergularia

Tamil Name:
Uttamani, Seendhal kodi

Medicinal Usage:
1. Plant is useful in urethrorrhoea, stangury, metropathy, inflammations, cough, asthma, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, intermittent fever, leucoderma; extract given in uterine and menstrual disorders and to facilitate parturition. 2. Leaves are useful in cough, helminthesis, asthma, haemorrhoids dyspepsia; juice given in catarrhal affections, infantile diarrhoea; combined with lime applied to rheumatic swellings; poultice prepared from fresh leaves applied to carbuncles, piles. 3. Root-bark mixed with cow's milk is used as pargative. 4. Fruits are useful in cough, asthma, bronchitis, dyspepsia.?

Chemical Constituents:
1. coroglaucigenin (CID: 12302399) 2. uzarigenin (CID: 92760) 3. hentriacontane (CID: 12410) 4. b-amyrin (CID: 73145) 5. betaine (CID: 247) 6. D-glucose (CID: 5793) 7. L-oleandrose (CID: 10130117) 8. D-sermentose (CID: 5460676) 9. lupeol (CID: 259846) 10. oleanolic acid (CID: 10494) 11. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 12. a-amyrin (CID: 73170) 13. calactin (CID: 441849) 14. calotropin (CID: 16142) 15. corotoxigenin (CID: 12302397) 16. uscharidin (CID: 441874) 17. uscharin (CID: 11261800)

Reference:
1.Karthishwaran, K., Mirunalini, S., Dhamodharan, G., Krishnaveni, M., & Arulmozhi, V. (2010). Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract of the leaves of Pergularia daemia. J Biol Sci, 10(3), 242-246. 2.Bhaskar, V. H., & Balakrishnan, N. (2009). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Pergularia daemia and Carissa carandas. Daru, 17(3). 3.Karthishwaran, K., & Mirunalini, S. (2010). Therapeutic potential of Pergularia daemia (Forsk.): the Ayurvedic wonder. Int J Pharmacol, 6(6), 836-843.
Plant Name:
Persicaria stagnina

Plant Part Used:
the whole plant

Common Name:
Bishkatali

Tamil Name:

Medicinal Usage:
1. It is used as a diuretic. 2.It has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

Chemical Constituents:
1.Stagninol(CID: 6442315) 2.tocopherol( CID :14986) and 3. 3-sitosterin()

Reference:
1.Ahmed, M., Datta, B. K., Rouf, A. S. S., & Hassan, M. A. (1991). Constituents of Persicaria stagnina. Planta medica, 57(05), 503-504.
Plant Name:
Petiveria alliaceae

Plant Part Used:
the whole plant

Common Name:
Guinea Hen Weed

Tamil Name:

Medicinal Usage:
1.An infusion of pounded bark is drunk to treat colic, rheumatism, cancer, syphilis, colds, fever, bronchitis and asthma. 2.Colombians chew the leaves to coat their teeth and prevent caries. 3.The liquid from the leaves is instilled as nose or eye drops to cure violent headache, and as nose drops to cure sinusitis. 4.A leaf decoction is applied to abscesses, and is used as an analgesic against muscular pain and to treat skin diseases. 5.Root extracts have shown significant anti-inflammatory effects, as well as a significant pain-relieving effect. 6.The whole plant is a pungent herb that is said to be abortifacient, antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic and febrifuge.7. It is believed to calm the nerves, control diarrhoea and stimulate the uterus.

Chemical Constituents:
1.Dibenzyl-trisulfide(CID: 10867) 2. S-phenylmethyl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (petiveriins A and B)[14]( CID: 91820550) 3. S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteines (6-hydroxyethiins A and B)() 4. benzaldehyde(CID:240) 5.benzoic acid(CID:243) 6. benzyl 2-hydroxyethyl trisulphide() 7. coumarin(CID:323) 8. isoarborinol( CID: 12305182) 9. isoarborinol acetate(CID: 21582933) 10. isoarborinol cinnamate() 11. isothiocyanates() 12.polyphenols() 13. senfol(CID :19388) 14. tannins( CID:76419085) and 15. trithiolaniacine()

Reference:
1.Benevides, P. J. C., Young, M. C. M., Giesbrecht, A. M., Roque, N. F., & da S Bolzani, V. (2001). Antifungal polysulphides from Petiveria alliacea L. Phytochemistry, 57(5), 743-747. 2.Kubec, R., & Musah, R. A. (2001). Cysteine sulfoxide derivatives in Petiveria alliacea. Phytochemistry, 58(6), 981-985. 3.Ayedoun, M. A., Moudachirou, M., Sossou, P. V., Garneau, F. X., Gagnon, H., & Jean, F. I. (1998). Volatile constituents of the root oil of Petiveria alliacea L. from Benin. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 10(6), 645-646.
Plant Name:
Phyllanthus polyphyllus

Plant Part Used:
the whole plant

Common Name:
Shrub amla

Tamil Name:

Medicinal Usage:
1.The plant is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory. 2.The plant contains a benzenoid and three arylnaphthalide lignans - these compounds inhibit the inflammatory mediators.

Chemical Constituents:
1.A benzenoid() 2.tannins(CID:76419085) and 3.three arylnaphthalide lignans()

Reference:
1.Rao, Y. K., Fang, S. H., & Tzeng, Y. M. (2006). Anti-inflammatory activities of constituents isolated from Phyllanthus polyphyllus. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 103(2), 181-186. 2.Youkwan, J., Srisomphot, P., & Sutthivaiyakit, S. (2005). Bioactive constituents of the leaves of Phyllanthus polyphyllus var. siamensis. Journal of natural products, 68(7), 1006-1009.
Plant Name:
Phyllanthus reticulatus

Plant Part Used:
stem,levaes,aerial parts

Common Name:
Black-Honey Shrub, black-berried featherfoil, potato-bush, netted-leaved leaf-flower

Tamil Name:
Karunelli, Kattukilanelli

Medicinal Usage:
1.Stem and leaves are rubbed on chest for asthma, leaves decoction drunk for sore throat.2.Bark decoction is used as an astringent and diuretic. 3.Fruit is as astringent and also used for bowel inflammation. 4.It is Used for smallpox, syphilis, bleeding gums. 5.Bark decoction is used as an astringent and diuretic. 6. Fruit is as astringent and also used for bowel inflammation. 7.Leaves and bark infusion as a diuretic, alterative, depurative, refrigerant, and odontalgic, applied to the abdomen for pinworms, fruit as an astringent to bowels and used against inflammations and blood diseases. 8.It has Anti-diabetic,Antiplasmodial activity Hypocholesterolemicactivity,Antimicrobialactivity,Cytotoxicactivity,Hepatoprotective and Antibacterial activites. 1.Stem and leaves are rubbed on chest for asthma, leaves decoction drunk for sore throat.2.Bark decoction is used as an astringent and diuretic. 3.Fruit is as astringent and also used for bowel inflammation. 4.It is Used for smallpox, syphilis, bleeding gums. 5.Bark decoction is used as an astringent and diuretic. 6. Fruit is as astringent and also used for bowel inflammation. 7.Leaves and bark infusion as a diuretic, alterative, depurative, refrigerant, and odontalgic, applied to the abdomen for pinworms, fruit as an astringent to bowels and used against inflammations and blood diseases. 8.It has Anti-diabetic,Antiplasmodial activity Hypocholesterolemicactivity,Antimicrobialactivity,Cytotoxicactivity,Hepatoprotective and Antibacterial activites.

Chemical Constituents:
1.lupeol() 2. lupeolacetate() 3.stigmasterol() 4.tannic acid() 5. friedelin() 6. epifriedelinol() 7. betulin() 8. taraxerone() 9. beta-sitosterol() 10. glochidonol() 11. octacosanol() 12.taraxeryl acetate() 13. 21-alpha-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one() 14. betulinicacid() 15.Coumarin()

Reference:
1.Lan, M. S., Ma, J. X., Tan, C. H., Wei, S., & Zhu, D. Y. (2010). Chemical constituents of Phyllanthus reticulatus. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 93(11), 2276-2280. 2.Jamal, A. K., Yaacob, W. A., & Din, L. B. (2008). A chemical study on Phyllanthus reticulatus. Journal of Physical Science, 19(2), 45-50.
Plant Name:
Piper longum

Plant Part Used:
Fruit

Common Name:
Long pepper

Tamil Name:
Kandanthipili

Medicinal Usage:
1.The fruit and root of Pippali is used in the form of powder to treat fever,inflammation, diarrhoea, piles, cough, hiccough, asthma, hoarseness of voice, consumption, flatulence, , colic, vomiting, acid gastritis, u, oedema, , pox, diseases of mouth, eye diseases, diseases of semen, diseases of women, intrinsic haemorrhage, jaundice, , dentition, and earache. 2.This is useful in malarian fever, wasting due to chest-wound, consumption.

Chemical Constituents:
1. Piperine (CID: 638024)

Reference:
1.Liu, W., Jiang, Z., Chen, J., Zhang, X., & Ma, Y. (2009). Chemical constituents from Piper longum. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica, 34(22), 2891-2894. 2.Sunila, E. S., & Kuttan, G. (2004). Immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of Piper longum Linn. and piperine. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 90(2-3), 339-346. 3.Khushbu, C., Roshni, S., Anar, P., Carol, M., & Mayuree, P. (2011). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Piper longum Linn. a review. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharma, 2(1), 157-161.