roots,leaves

Cluster fig

Atti

1.The leaves are used in the treatment of diarrhea.the bark is astringent. 2.It is used in the treatment of haematuria, menorrhagia, and haemoptysis. 3.A fluid that exudes from the cut roots of the tree is considered to be a powerful tonic when drunk for several days together. 4.The sap is a popular remedy in Bombay, that is applied locally to mumps and other inflammatory glandular enlargements, and is also used in the treatment of gonorrhea. 5.The root is chewed as a treatment for tonsillitis. 6. The plant has multiple pharmacological actions that include antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antifungal, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antifilarial, and hepatoprotection.

1.Flavonoids 2.Triterpenoids (basically lanosterol)() 3.Alkaloids 4.Tannins() 5.Bergenin() 6.Kaempferol() 7.Coumarin() 8.Isoeuphorbol() 9.b-sitosterol() 10. 4-deoxyphorbol() 11.Cycloartenol() and 12.Cycloeuphordeno()

1.Zulfiker, A. H. M., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. K., Hamid, K., Mazumder, M. E. H., & Rana, M. S. (2010). In vivo analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants-Scoparia dulcis L. and Ficus racemosa Linn. Biol Med, 2(2), 42-8. 2.Veerapur, V. P., Prabhakar, K. R., Parihar, V. K., Kandadi, M. R., Ramakrishana, S., Mishra, B., ... & Unnikrishnan, M. K. (2009). Ficus racemosa stem bark extract: a potent antioxidant and a probable natural radioprotector. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6(3), 317-324.

Leaves, bark, fruit

Bodhi Tree, Peepal Tree

Arasamaram

1. It is used as an aphrodisiac. 2.It is used to cure ulcer, skin diseases, scabies, digestive, bile, inflammation, swelling and indisposition etc.

1. Bergapten (CID: 2355) 2. Bergaptol (CID: 5280371) 3. Lanosterol (CID: 246983) 4. beta sitosterol (CID: 222284) 5. stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 6. vitamin k1 (CID: 5280483) 7. lupeol (CID: 259846) 8. lupeol acetate (CID: 92157) 9. a-amyrin acetate (CID: 293754) 10. Leucoanthocyanidin (CID: 3081374) 11. Campesterol (CID: 173183) 12. Isofucosterol (CID: 5281326) 13. Undecane (CID: 14257) 14. Tridecane (CID: 12388) 15. a-pinene (CID: 6654) 16. b-pinene (CID: 14896)

1.Singh, D., Singh, B., & Goel, R. K. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(3), 565-583. 2.Uma, B., Prabhakar, K., & Rajendran, S. (2009). Invitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa L. and Ficus bengalensis L. against Diarrhoeal Enterotoxigenic E. coli. Ethnobotanical leaflets, 2009(4), 7.

Fruits

Mangosteen

Mangustanpazam

1.Mangosteen is used for diarrhea, urinary tract infections (UTIs), gonorrhea, thrush, tuberculosis, menstrual disorders, cancer, osteoarthritis, and an intestinal infection called dysentery. 2. It is also used for stimulating the immune system and improving mental health.

1. Saccharose (CID: 5988) 2. Dextrose (CID: 206) 3. Xanthone (CID: 7020) 4. Mangostanol (CID: 10048103) 5. alpha-mangostin (CID: 5281650) 6. gamma-mangostin (CID: 5464078) 7. gartanin (CID: 5281633) 8. 8-deoxygartanin (CID: 392450) 9. garcinone E (CID: 10298511) 10. epicatechin (CID: 72276) 11. mangostenone A (CID: 509267) 12. trapezifolixanthone (CID: 188341)

1.Mahabusarakam, W., Wiriyachitra, P., & Phongpaichit, S. (1986). Antimicrobial activities of chemical constituents from Garcinia mangostana Linn. J Sci Soc Thailand, 12(4), 239-242. 2.Obolskiy, D., Pischel, I., Siriwatanametanon, N., & Heinrich, M. (2009). Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy Research, 23(8), 1047-1065. 3.Chen, L. G., Yang, L. L., & Wang, C. C. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activity of mangostins from Garcinia mangostana. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 688-693.

aerial parts

Bitter Leaf, Jima, Indian Chickweed, Bitter Cumin

Peru-n-tiray

1.It is used in treating inflammation with chronic illnesses, including cancer. 2. The leaves are used as a vegetable for cooking purposes, as well as an expectorant and antipyretic agent. 3. The aerial parts of G. oppositifolius are used for treating abdominal pain and jaundice. 4. A decoction of a fine powder of the aerial parts is used as a chemotherapeutic against malaria. 5.Glinus oppositifolius has also been reported for treating joint pains, inflammation, diarrhea, intestinal parasites, fever, furuncles, skin disorders and the plant-macerate is also used as a wound healing remedy G. oppositifolius is reputed to have antiseptic and antidermatitic properties and is used traditionally in the treatment of earache, itch, skin diseases, and acts as stomachic, uterine stimulant, aperients, and lochia

1.benzoic acid() 2.4-hydroxybenzoic acid() 3.4-hydroxybenzaldehyde() 4.4-hydroxy-acetophenone() 5.methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate() 6.p-anisic acid() 7.vanillin() 8.4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone() 9.acetosyringone() 10.4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde() 11.4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol() 12.2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol() 13.cinnamic acid() 14.3-(4b-hydroxyphenyl)-(E)-propenoic acid methyl ester() 15.(E)-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)acrylate() 16.trans-ferulic acid,spinasterol() 17.b-sitosterol() 18.stigmasterol() 19.GOA1 {arabinose, galactose, arabinogalactans type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II)}, 19.GOA2 (galacturonic acid, rhamnose, and arabinose and galactose), 20.Triterpenoid saponins() 21.Flavonoid glycosides

1.Traore, F., Faure, R., Ollivier, E., Gasquet, M., Azas, N., Debrauwer, L., ... & Balansard, G. (2000). Structure and antiprotozoal activity of triterpenoid saponins from Glinus oppositifolius. Planta Medica, 66(04), 368-371. 2.

Leaves

White Crossberry

1. It is used to treat liver disorders, jaundice, and inflammatory condition.?

1. Betulin (CID: 72326) 2. triacontan-1-ol (CID: 68972) 3. alpha-amyrin (CID: 73170) 4. beta-amyrin (CID: 73145) 5. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 6. lupenone (CID: 323075) 7. erythrodiol (CID: 101761)

1.Sharma, N. I. D. H. I., & Patni, V. I. D. Y. A. (2012). Grewia tenax (Frosk.) Fiori.?a traditional medicinal plant with enormous economic prospectives. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(3), 28-32. 2.Ullah, W., Uddin, G., & Siddiqui, B. S. (2012). Ethnic uses, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of genus Grewia. Journal of Asian natural products research, 14(2), 186-195.

Whole plant

Gurmar

Adigam, amudupushpam

1. Plant is useful in treating inflammations, colds, diabetes, worms, liver disorders, headache, hepatosplenomegaly, dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, haemorrhoids, strangury, renal and vesical calculi, helminthiasis, cardiopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, intermittent fever, amenorrhoea, conjunctivitis, leucoderma. 2. Leaves mixed with castor oil are applied externally to swollen glands and to enlarged spleen; powder diuretic and stimulant.

1. hentriacontane (CID: 12410) 2. nonacosane (CID: 12409) 3. pentatriacontane (CID: 12413) 4. conduritol A (CID: 10290861) 5. d-quercitol (CID: 441437) 6. a- & b-chlorophylls (CID: 6398439) 7. formic acid (CID: 284) 8. tartaric acid (CID: 444305) 9. b-amyrin (CID: 73145) 10. lupeol (CID: 259846) 11. stigmasterol (CID: 5280794) 12. alanine (CID: 5950) 13. isoleucine (CID: 6306) 14. valine (CID: 6287) 15. adenine (CID: 190) 16. betaine (CID: 247)

1.Kanetkar, P., Singhal, R., & Kamat, M. (2007). Recent Advances in Indian Herbal Drug Research Guest Editor: Thomas Paul Asir Devasagayam Gymnema sylvestre: A Memoir. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 41(2), 77-81. 2.Yoshikawa, K., Amimoto, K., Arihara, S., & Matsuura, K. (1989). Structure studies of new antisweet constituents from Gymnema sylvestre. Tetrahedron Letters, 30(9), 1103-1106.

Stem

African spiderflower

Velai ; Naivela

1. The leaves has anti-inflammatory property and the sap of the leaves is considered an analgesic and is used in the treatment headaches, neuralgia, otalgia, rheumatism and other local pains. 2. The leaves are used as disinfectants. 3. Inhalation of the leaves also relieves headaches; leaf juice and oil, for earache and eye wash . 4. Seeds have been reputed to have antihelmintic properties and oil is used as fish poison.

1. Apigenin (CID: 52804433) 2. beta-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 3. bibenzyls (CID: 7647)

1. Apigenin (CID: 52804433) 2. beta-sitosterol (CID: 222284) 3. bibenzyls (CID: 7647)

Whole plant

Indian squill

1 It is used to treat jaundice, gall bladder stones, liver diseases, digestive disorders, inflammatory disorder, and joint diseases.?

1. Ursolic acid (CID: 64945) 2. 7-hydroxy-4-triacontanone (CID: 14502741) 3. 1-triacontanol (CID: 68972) 4. beta-amyrin (CID: 73145) 5. 24-nor-12-ursene (CID: 71588393) 6. b-sitosterol (CID: 222284)

1.Ashraf, M. A., Mahmood, K., Wajid, A., Qureshi, A. K., & Gharibreza, M. (2013). Chemical constituents of Haloxylon salicornicum plant from Cholistan desert, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 11(3-4), 1176-1182. 2.Bibi, N., Tanoli, S. A. K., Farheen, S., Afza, N., Siddiqi, S., Zhang, Y., ... & Malik, A. (2010). In vitro antituberculosis activities of the constituents isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(14), 4173-4176.

leaves,berries

Japanese ivy, songak

1.It is used internally for liver, spleen and gallbladder disorders, and for gout, arthritis, rheumatism and dysentery. 2.Externally it is used for burn wounds, calluses, cellulitis, inflammations, neuralgia, parasitic disorders, ulcers, rheumatic complaints and phlebitis.3.It is used as a natural treatment for respiratory tract congestion; it is a respiratory catarrh used for symptomatic treatment of chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions. 4.It contains saponins which appear to be responsible for preventing spasms in the bronchial area.5. It has been found the ivy leaf extract helps to increase oxygen in the lungs, and is an effective anti-inflammatory for bronchial conditions such as asthma and bronchitis 6..Commission E, leaf extract as an herbal decongestant as well as treatment for inflammation-related lung (bronchial) conditions.7.It exhibits antiviral, antimycotic, and anthelmintic and effects and some studies indicate that the leaf extract may have anti-cancer and antioxidant properties

1.Hederasaponin-C() 2. alpha-hederin() 3.hederacoside C() and 4.hederagenin()

1.KIZU, H., HIRABAYASHI, S., SUZUKI, M., & TOMIMORI, T. (1985). Studies on the constituents of Hedera rhombea Bean. IV. On the hederagenin glycosides.(2). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33(8), 3473-3478. 2.SHIMIZU, M., ARISAWA, M., MORITA, N., KIZU, K., & TOMIMORI, T. (1978). Studies on the constituents of Hedera rhombea Bean. I. Glycosides of hederagenin. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(2), 655-659.

roots,leaves,seeds

white garland-lily,white ginger-lily,butterfly ginger-lily

1.A decoction of the rhizome is used as a gargle for sore throats and tonsillitis, and chewed for the same purposes. 2.The roots and leaves are also used for nasal polyps, and fevers. 3.The seeds of this plant are aromatic and used to get rid of flatulence and to help the stomach?s actions. 4.The root is used to get rid of worms, as a stimulant and tonic and for the pains of rheumatism. 5.The ground rhizome is used for fevers.

1.Coronarin D() 2.coronarin D methyl ether() 3.hedyforrestin C() 4.(E)-nerolidol() 5.b-sitosterol() 6.daucosterol() and 7.stigmasterol()

1.Joy, B., Rajan, A., & Abraham, E. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil from Hedychium coronarium. Phytotherapy Research, 21(5), 439-443. 2.Nakamura, S., Okazaki, Y., Ninomiya, K., Morikawa, T., Matsuda, H., & Yoshikawa, M. (2008). Medicinal flowers. XXIV. Chemical structures and hepatoprotective effects of constituents from flowers of Hedychium coronarium. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56(12), 1704-1709. 2.http://herbs-treatandtaste.blogspot.in/2012/07/white-butterfly-ginger-not-culinary.html