Root

Winter cherry, withania root

Ammukira

1. The plant has been used as an aphrodisiac, liver tonic, anti-inflammatory agent, and more recently to treat asthma, ulcers, insomnia, and senile dementia. 2. Clinical trials and animal research support the use of Ashwagandha for anxiety, neurological disorders, inflammation, and Parkinson's disease. 3. Incorporation of Ashwagandha in the diet may prevent or decrease the growth of tumors in human. 4. It helps in providing progressive, long lasting results for various health concerns like aging, anemia, arthritis, fatigue, sports fitness and stress-disorders. 5. Oral administration of Withenia somnifera Linn., root powder showed the anti arthritic effect in adjuvant induced arthritic rats.

1. tropine (CID: 449293) 2. pseudo-tropine (CID: 8424) 3. somniferine (CID: 14106343)

1.Majumdar, D. N. (1955). Withania somnifera Dunal. Part II: alkaloidal constituents and their chemical characterization. Ind. J. Pharm, 17, 158-161. 2.Kulkarni, S. K., & Dhir, A. (2008). Withania somnifera: an Indian ginseng. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 32(5), 1093-1105. 3.Banerjee, S., Naqvi, A. A., Mandal, S., & Ahuja, P. S. (1994). Transformation of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: infectivity and phytochemical studies. Phytotherapy Research, 8(8), 452-455.

stem,bark,fruits

arar

madkarai

1. Stem bark made into a paste and mixed with goat's milk and country liquour. 2.This is prescribed in rheumatism once daily on an empty stomach.3. Fruits: cure abscess ulcers, inflammations tumours, skin diseases, pain in muscles, piles, chronic bronchitis, paralysis, leprosy, boils and eruption, brain diseases, asthma, leucoderma and rheumatism.4. Pulp of fruit bark: bone ache during fever.

1. mannitol (CID: 136460) 2. randialic acid B 3.Six saponins are - dumetoronins A, B, C, D, E and F - isolated, all of them contained oleanolic acid as aglycone

1.Das, B. N., Saha, A., & Ahmed, M. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of bark of Xeromphis spinosa. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4(1), 76-78. 2.Sati, O. P., Rana, U., Chaukiyal, D. C., Madhusudanan, K. P., & Bhakuni, D. S. (1987). Molluscicidal triterpenoidal glycosides of Xeromphis spinosa. Planta medica, 53(06), 530-532. 3.Saluja, A. K., & Santani, D. D. (1986). A saponin from pulps of Xeromphis spinosa. Planta medica, 52(01), 72-73.

bark,roots

Velvet-fruited zanha

1. The bark is dried, pounded to a powder and then used as a snuff to treat colds, fevers, headaches and convulsions. 2.A decoction of the roots is used as a remedy for colds, convulsions, impotence, intestinal worms, stomach-ache, constipation, hernia, mental illness, dysentery, fungal infection and for facilitating childbirth. 3.The bark of the roots appears to contain powerful drug elements.4.It is used in childbirth and against fungal infections, fits, insanity, pains of head and neck and other complaints, both by rubbing into incisions or on to the skin and taken internally

1.Saponins(CID: 101638317)

1.Cu?llar, M. J., Giner, R. M., Recio, M. C., Just, M. J., M??ez, S., Cerda, M., ... & R?os, J. L. (1997). Zanhasaponins A and B, antiphospholipase A2 saponins from an antiinflammatory extract of Zanha africana root bark. Journal of natural products, 60(11), 1158-1160. 2.Cu?llar, M. J., Giner, R. M., Recio, M. D. C., Just, M. J., M??ez, S., R?os, J. L., ... & Hostettmann, K. (1997). Three new oleanane saponins from Zanha africana. Journal of natural products, 60(2), 191-194.

Root

Ginger root

Inji-ver

1. Ginger is used as stomachic, an aromatic, a carminative, stimulant, flavouring agent. 2. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. 3. It is also used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, anti-microbial.

1. sesquiterpines (CID: 6473767) 2. Yakuchinone-A (CID: 133145) 3. Proanthocyanidin (CID: 108065) 4. (-) zingiberene (CID: 521253) 5. bisabolene (CID: 3033866) 6. farnesene (CID: 5281516)

1.Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food and chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420. 2.Prakash, J. (2010). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root (Zingiber officinale). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(24), 2674-2679. 3.Mascolo, N., Jain, R., Jain, S. C., & Capasso, F. (1989). Ethnopharmacologic investigation of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 27(1-2), 129-140.